| Within the engine systems, the ECU uses a closed-loop control system to monitor the outputs of a system in order to control the inputs
to a system on managing the emissions and fuel economy of the engine (as well as a host
of other parameters). It gathers data from dozens of different sensors and knows everything
from the coolant temperature to the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas. With these data,
it performs millions of calculations each second, including looking up values in its tables,
calculating the results of long equations to decide on the best spark timing and determining
how long the fuel injector should open. The ECU does all of these to ensure the lowest
emissions and best mileage achieved
for the car. |